Network service providers running IP networks ‘hotter’

John Mazur, principal analyst for Network Infrastructure at Ovum

Router spending is down, IP traffic is up

UK: Global service provider switching and routing spending is falling, and we haven’t seen the bottom.

The service provider switching and routing market fell 20% in 1Q09 compared with 1Q08 and will likely continue to decline. Yet carriers continue to report robust IP traffic growth, and this is only the tip of the upcoming video tsunami. Cisco’s recent Visual Networking Index predicts IP traffic will increase fivefold from 2008–13, with the largest growth segment being consumer Internet.

We attribute some of the recent router market decline to recession-induced postponement of strategic IP transformation projects, but service providers are also delaying short-term investment to shore up financial results. The result is that operators are running IP networks hotter.

There are no standards for carrier router loading, but service providers typically run networks at 40–50 percent utilization. They are comfortable that core routers can run without incident at 60–70 percent loading, but once average loading reaches 80 percent capacity upgrades are needed to ensure high availability.

Edge router loading is harder to quantify as high subscription rates are typical, as overloading will have more localized but equally detrimental effects.

The IP network won’t break, but you may think it has
IP traffic continues to grow by all measures, but many network operators are postponing capacity upgrades and thus running IP networks hotter, which means they are increasing traffic throughput without upgrading equipment.

There is no need to worry that telecom wire centers will burn, as survivability is ‘baked in’ to the DNA of IP packet network routers. However, performance does suffer during traffic peaks, and those peaks occur more often as router traffic loading increases.

In addition to dropped packets, other performance impairments include delay or jitter (variable delays) and out-of-order packet delivery. In response, end-user devices retransmit data (or unintelligible conversations for VoIP), adding further congestion over a longer period of time and extending traffic peaks.

The net result is a degraded quality of experience (QoE) for end users, be they man or machine. Forecasts for booming Internet traffic growth rarely consider the impact of degraded service levels due to overburdened, packet-dropping core or edge routers.

This becomes more of an issue as most regulators side with net neutrality proponents, unconcerned about funding infrastructure upgrades because Internet service levels haven’t historically been a problem beyond the access bottleneck.

Are regulators in for a rude awakening when VoIP or over-the-top (OTT) video providers can’t do business over the Internet due to its unpredictable performance?

Savvy enterprise network administrators who have experienced distributed denial-of-service attacks on their IP networks know just how disruptive such overloading can be to their business and have spent millions to protect against such attacks.

Will running IP networks hotter cross a similar usability ‘tipping point’? What happens if one of many routers fails during a traffic peak? Router software is equipped to route around failures, but no one really knows the impact on end-users.

We could find out soon, however, if the current trend continues. Our advice is to not trust your mission critical applications to the best effort Internet. Nor to expect Application Acceleration or WAN Optimization gear to ‘fix’ a poorly performing, non-deterministic, best effort Internet. Instead, invest in higher quality services.

When is ‘best effort’ just not good enough?
We don’t believe service providers will allow serious service degradation to occur for their premium IP services. But we do believe public Internet–based services are at risk of suffering from service degradation, with the result that end users’ quality of experience may plummet -– particularly in North America with its intense competition and minimal regulation.

More centrally controlled countries such as Japan, South Korea, and France have higher-performance Internet networks mainly due to greater regulatory oversight. But North American ISPs don’t want greater regulatory oversight so they find themselves on a slippery slope.

One encouraging sign for higher investment levels is that residential broadband prices have stopped their decline and are starting to increase, but it is not clear if they have reached an acceptable profitability level for North American ISPs.

Our advice is to watch just how hot ISPs can go and monitor the impact on Internet performance -– and to not put too much faith in the Internet, as past performance is no guarantee of future results!

Packet Design's Route Explorer adds IPv6 support

ANTA CLARA, USA: Packet Design has added support for IPv6 to Route Explorer, its network management system that gives enterprises and service providers visibility into routing operations on their IP networks. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) developed IPv6 to replace the existing version, IPv4, which faces address-space limitations as Internet usage continues to grow.

With the new IPv6 capability, Route Explorer, which works by passively "listening" to routing protocol exchanges and computing a real-time, network-wide layer-3 topology, will now be able to monitor and analyze IPv6 networks, as well as those running IPv4. This information will enable network engineers to quickly identify and resolve problems, perform effective network maintenance, and do accurate change planning on increasingly complex networks that incorporate both versions of the protocol.

Route Explorer's IPv6 support is initially available for BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) and IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System), two routing protocols used widely by service providers. Support for IPv6 on the OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) routing protocol will be added later this year, followed by Cisco's enterprise-oriented EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) in 2010.

"With the Internet expanding to encompass everything from phones to appliances, the use of IPv6 and its greatly expanded address space will become a necessity," said Jeff Raice, Packet Design's executive vice president of marketing and business development.

"While few organizations today have moved exclusively to IPv6, many are beginning to deploy it in parallel with IPv4 as they prepare their networks to support next-generation standards and heavier traffic volumes. Companies in the Far East and a growing number of service providers worldwide are taking the lead in this area, and migration to IPv6 is mandated for the US federal government. Since many of these organizations use Route Explorer to troubleshoot and plan their networks, it was critical for us to begin supporting IPv6 before it moves fully into the mainstream.

"Based on the market demand we've seen, IS-IS and BGP are most important for early adopters of IPv6, who are chiefly service providers. We will later add support for OSPF and EIGRP, as well as providing specialized variations such as 6PE, VPNv6 and 6VPE for providers of VPN [virtual private network] services," he added.

IPv6 support for the IS-IS and BGP protocols is available immediately as a $5,000 option with version 7.5 of the Route Explorer software.